]> xenbits.xensource.com Git - people/ssmith/netchannel2-pvops.git/commitdiff
xen-netback
authorJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Mon, 9 Feb 2009 20:05:52 +0000 (12:05 -0800)
committerJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy.fitzhardinge@citrix.com>
Mon, 29 Jun 2009 20:39:35 +0000 (13:39 -0700)
drivers/xen/Kconfig
drivers/xen/Makefile
drivers/xen/netback/Makefile [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/xen/netback/common.h [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/xen/netback/interface.c [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/xen/netback/netback.c [new file with mode: 0644]
drivers/xen/netback/xenbus.c [new file with mode: 0644]

index 2bb8ebd0569bbd081cf253ffeb6ab5c940a681df..0159d37ccfd71f37f8fddedc2d7f09c21484f94d 100644 (file)
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ config XEN_BACKEND
          Support for backend device drivers that provide I/O services
          to other virtual machines.
 
+config XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND
+       bool "Xen backend network device"
+       depends on XEN_BACKEND && NET
+       help
+         Implement the network backend driver, which passes packets
+         from the guest domain's frontend drivers to the network.
+
 config XENFS
        tristate "Xen filesystem"
        depends on XEN
index e6c8b85f7a22dd3c65a21cf4931a1ac98d406a46..d56d10868d215dac1967da8da5a8083d95e15b2e 100644 (file)
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 obj-y  += grant-table.o features.o events.o manage.o biomerge.o
 obj-y  += xenbus/
 
-obj-$(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)      += cpu_hotplug.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_XENCOMM)      += xencomm.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON)      += balloon.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN)   += evtchn.o
-obj-$(CONFIG_XENFS)            += xenfs/
+obj-$(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)              += cpu_hotplug.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_XENCOMM)              += xencomm.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_BALLOON)              += balloon.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_DEV_EVTCHN)           += evtchn.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_BLKDEV_BACKEND)       += blkback/
+obj-%(CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND)       += netback/
+obj-$(CONFIG_XENFS)                    += xenfs/
 obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_SYS_HYPERVISOR)       += sys-hypervisor.o
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/drivers/xen/netback/Makefile b/drivers/xen/netback/Makefile
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..f4a0c51
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_BACKEND) := netbk.o
+
+netbk-y   := netback.o xenbus.o interface.o
diff --git a/drivers/xen/netback/common.h b/drivers/xen/netback/common.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9a54d57
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * arch/xen/drivers/netif/backend/common.h
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
+ * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
+ * software packages, subject to the following license:
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __NETIF__BACKEND__COMMON_H__
+#define __NETIF__BACKEND__COMMON_H__
+
+#include <linux/version.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/ip.h>
+#include <linux/in.h>
+#include <linux/netdevice.h>
+#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
+#include <linux/wait.h>
+#include <xen/evtchn.h>
+#include <xen/interface/io/netif.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+#include <asm/pgalloc.h>
+#include <xen/interface/grant_table.h>
+#include <xen/gnttab.h>
+#include <xen/driver_util.h>
+#include <xen/xenbus.h>
+
+#define DPRINTK(_f, _a...)                     \
+       pr_debug("(file=%s, line=%d) " _f,      \
+                __FILE__ , __LINE__ , ## _a )
+#define IPRINTK(fmt, args...)                          \
+       printk(KERN_INFO "xen_net: " fmt, ##args)
+#define WPRINTK(fmt, args...)                          \
+       printk(KERN_WARNING "xen_net: " fmt, ##args)
+
+typedef struct netif_st {
+       /* Unique identifier for this interface. */
+       domid_t          domid;
+       unsigned int     handle;
+
+       u8               fe_dev_addr[6];
+
+       /* Physical parameters of the comms window. */
+       grant_handle_t   tx_shmem_handle;
+       grant_ref_t      tx_shmem_ref;
+       grant_handle_t   rx_shmem_handle;
+       grant_ref_t      rx_shmem_ref;
+       unsigned int     irq;
+
+       /* The shared rings and indexes. */
+       netif_tx_back_ring_t tx;
+       netif_rx_back_ring_t rx;
+       struct vm_struct *tx_comms_area;
+       struct vm_struct *rx_comms_area;
+
+       /* Set of features that can be turned on in dev->features. */
+       int features;
+
+       /* Internal feature information. */
+       u8 can_queue:1; /* can queue packets for receiver? */
+       u8 copying_receiver:1;  /* copy packets to receiver?       */
+
+       /* Allow netif_be_start_xmit() to peek ahead in the rx request ring. */
+       RING_IDX rx_req_cons_peek;
+
+       /* Transmit shaping: allow 'credit_bytes' every 'credit_usec'. */
+       unsigned long   credit_bytes;
+       unsigned long   credit_usec;
+       unsigned long   remaining_credit;
+       struct timer_list credit_timeout;
+
+       /* Enforce draining of the transmit queue. */
+       struct timer_list tx_queue_timeout;
+
+       /* Miscellaneous private stuff. */
+       struct list_head list;  /* scheduling list */
+       atomic_t         refcnt;
+       struct net_device *dev;
+       struct net_device_stats stats;
+
+       unsigned int carrier;
+
+       wait_queue_head_t waiting_to_free;
+} netif_t;
+
+/*
+ * Implement our own carrier flag: the network stack's version causes delays
+ * when the carrier is re-enabled (in particular, dev_activate() may not
+ * immediately be called, which can cause packet loss; also the etherbridge
+ * can be rather lazy in activating its port).
+ */
+#define netback_carrier_on(netif)      ((netif)->carrier = 1)
+#define netback_carrier_off(netif)     ((netif)->carrier = 0)
+#define netback_carrier_ok(netif)      ((netif)->carrier)
+
+enum {
+       NETBK_DONT_COPY_SKB,
+       NETBK_DELAYED_COPY_SKB,
+       NETBK_ALWAYS_COPY_SKB,
+};
+
+extern int netbk_copy_skb_mode;
+
+/* Function pointers into netback accelerator plugin modules */
+struct netback_accel_hooks {
+       struct module *owner;
+       int  (*probe)(struct xenbus_device *dev);
+       int (*remove)(struct xenbus_device *dev);
+};
+
+/* Structure to track the state of a netback accelerator plugin */
+struct netback_accelerator {
+       struct list_head link;
+       int id;
+       char *eth_name;
+       atomic_t use_count;
+       struct netback_accel_hooks *hooks;
+};
+
+struct backend_info {
+       struct xenbus_device *dev;
+       netif_t *netif;
+       enum xenbus_state frontend_state;
+
+       /* State relating to the netback accelerator */
+       void *netback_accel_priv;
+       /* The accelerator that this backend is currently using */
+       struct netback_accelerator *accelerator;
+};
+
+#define NETBACK_ACCEL_VERSION 0x00010001
+
+/*
+ * Connect an accelerator plugin module to netback.  Returns zero on
+ * success, < 0 on error, > 0 (with highest version number supported)
+ * if version mismatch.
+ */
+extern int netback_connect_accelerator(unsigned version,
+                                      int id, const char *eth_name,
+                                      struct netback_accel_hooks *hooks);
+/* Disconnect a previously connected accelerator plugin module */
+extern void netback_disconnect_accelerator(int id, const char *eth_name);
+
+
+extern
+void netback_probe_accelerators(struct backend_info *be,
+                               struct xenbus_device *dev);
+extern
+void netback_remove_accelerators(struct backend_info *be,
+                                struct xenbus_device *dev);
+extern
+void netif_accel_init(void);
+
+
+#define NET_TX_RING_SIZE __RING_SIZE((netif_tx_sring_t *)0, PAGE_SIZE)
+#define NET_RX_RING_SIZE __RING_SIZE((netif_rx_sring_t *)0, PAGE_SIZE)
+
+void netif_disconnect(netif_t *netif);
+
+netif_t *netif_alloc(domid_t domid, unsigned int handle);
+int netif_map(netif_t *netif, unsigned long tx_ring_ref,
+             unsigned long rx_ring_ref, unsigned int evtchn);
+
+#define netif_get(_b) (atomic_inc(&(_b)->refcnt))
+#define netif_put(_b)                                          \
+       do {                                                    \
+               if ( atomic_dec_and_test(&(_b)->refcnt) )       \
+                       wake_up(&(_b)->waiting_to_free);        \
+       } while (0)
+
+void netif_xenbus_init(void);
+
+#define netif_schedulable(netif)                               \
+       (netif_running((netif)->dev) && netback_carrier_ok(netif))
+
+void netif_schedule_work(netif_t *netif);
+void netif_deschedule_work(netif_t *netif);
+
+int netif_be_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev);
+struct net_device_stats *netif_be_get_stats(struct net_device *dev);
+irqreturn_t netif_be_int(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs);
+
+static inline int netbk_can_queue(struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       return netif->can_queue;
+}
+
+static inline int netbk_can_sg(struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       return netif->features & NETIF_F_SG;
+}
+
+#endif /* __NETIF__BACKEND__COMMON_H__ */
diff --git a/drivers/xen/netback/interface.c b/drivers/xen/netback/interface.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7e67941
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * arch/xen/drivers/netif/backend/interface.c
+ *
+ * Network-device interface management.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2005, Keir Fraser
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
+ * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
+ * software packages, subject to the following license:
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include <linux/ethtool.h>
+#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
+
+/*
+ * Module parameter 'queue_length':
+ *
+ * Enables queuing in the network stack when a client has run out of receive
+ * descriptors. Although this feature can improve receive bandwidth by avoiding
+ * packet loss, it can also result in packets sitting in the 'tx_queue' for
+ * unbounded time. This is bad if those packets hold onto foreign resources.
+ * For example, consider a packet that holds onto resources belonging to the
+ * guest for which it is queued (e.g., packet received on vif1.0, destined for
+ * vif1.1 which is not activated in the guest): in this situation the guest
+ * will never be destroyed, unless vif1.1 is taken down. To avoid this, we
+ * run a timer (tx_queue_timeout) to drain the queue when the interface is
+ * blocked.
+ */
+static unsigned long netbk_queue_length = 32;
+module_param_named(queue_length, netbk_queue_length, ulong, 0);
+
+static void __netif_up(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       enable_irq(netif->irq);
+       netif_schedule_work(netif);
+}
+
+static void __netif_down(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       disable_irq(netif->irq);
+       netif_deschedule_work(netif);
+}
+
+static int net_open(struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       if (netback_carrier_ok(netif)) {
+               __netif_up(netif);
+               netif_start_queue(dev);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int net_close(struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       if (netback_carrier_ok(netif))
+               __netif_down(netif);
+       netif_stop_queue(dev);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int netbk_change_mtu(struct net_device *dev, int mtu)
+{
+       int max = netbk_can_sg(dev) ? 65535 - ETH_HLEN : ETH_DATA_LEN;
+
+       if (mtu > max)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       dev->mtu = mtu;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int netbk_set_sg(struct net_device *dev, u32 data)
+{
+       if (data) {
+               netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+
+               if (!(netif->features & NETIF_F_SG))
+                       return -ENOSYS;
+       }
+
+       return ethtool_op_set_sg(dev, data);
+}
+
+static int netbk_set_tso(struct net_device *dev, u32 data)
+{
+       if (data) {
+               netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+
+               if (!(netif->features & NETIF_F_TSO))
+                       return -ENOSYS;
+       }
+
+       return ethtool_op_set_tso(dev, data);
+}
+
+static struct ethtool_ops network_ethtool_ops =
+{
+       .get_tx_csum = ethtool_op_get_tx_csum,
+       .set_tx_csum = ethtool_op_set_tx_csum,
+       .get_sg = ethtool_op_get_sg,
+       .set_sg = netbk_set_sg,
+       .get_tso = ethtool_op_get_tso,
+       .set_tso = netbk_set_tso,
+       .get_link = ethtool_op_get_link,
+};
+
+netif_t *netif_alloc(domid_t domid, unsigned int handle)
+{
+       int err = 0;
+       struct net_device *dev;
+       netif_t *netif;
+       char name[IFNAMSIZ] = {};
+
+       snprintf(name, IFNAMSIZ - 1, "vif%u.%u", domid, handle);
+       dev = alloc_netdev(sizeof(netif_t), name, ether_setup);
+       if (dev == NULL) {
+               DPRINTK("Could not create netif: out of memory\n");
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+       }
+
+       netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       memset(netif, 0, sizeof(*netif));
+       netif->domid  = domid;
+       netif->handle = handle;
+       atomic_set(&netif->refcnt, 1);
+       init_waitqueue_head(&netif->waiting_to_free);
+       netif->dev = dev;
+
+       netback_carrier_off(netif);
+
+       netif->credit_bytes = netif->remaining_credit = ~0UL;
+       netif->credit_usec  = 0UL;
+       init_timer(&netif->credit_timeout);
+       /* Initialize 'expires' now: it's used to track the credit window. */
+       netif->credit_timeout.expires = jiffies;
+
+       init_timer(&netif->tx_queue_timeout);
+
+       dev->hard_start_xmit = netif_be_start_xmit;
+       dev->get_stats       = netif_be_get_stats;
+       dev->open            = net_open;
+       dev->stop            = net_close;
+       dev->change_mtu      = netbk_change_mtu;
+       dev->features        = NETIF_F_IP_CSUM;
+
+       SET_ETHTOOL_OPS(dev, &network_ethtool_ops);
+
+       dev->tx_queue_len = netbk_queue_length;
+
+       /*
+        * Initialise a dummy MAC address. We choose the numerically
+        * largest non-broadcast address to prevent the address getting
+        * stolen by an Ethernet bridge for STP purposes.
+        * (FE:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF)
+        */
+       memset(dev->dev_addr, 0xFF, ETH_ALEN);
+       dev->dev_addr[0] &= ~0x01;
+
+       rtnl_lock();
+       err = register_netdevice(dev);
+       rtnl_unlock();
+       if (err) {
+               DPRINTK("Could not register new net device %s: err=%d\n",
+                       dev->name, err);
+               free_netdev(dev);
+               return ERR_PTR(err);
+       }
+
+       DPRINTK("Successfully created netif\n");
+       return netif;
+}
+
+static int map_frontend_pages(
+       netif_t *netif, grant_ref_t tx_ring_ref, grant_ref_t rx_ring_ref)
+{
+       struct gnttab_map_grant_ref op;
+
+       gnttab_set_map_op(&op, (unsigned long)netif->tx_comms_area->addr,
+                         GNTMAP_host_map, tx_ring_ref, netif->domid);
+
+       if (HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_map_grant_ref, &op, 1))
+               BUG();
+
+       if (op.status) {
+               DPRINTK(" Gnttab failure mapping tx_ring_ref!\n");
+               return op.status;
+       }
+
+       netif->tx_shmem_ref    = tx_ring_ref;
+       netif->tx_shmem_handle = op.handle;
+
+       gnttab_set_map_op(&op, (unsigned long)netif->rx_comms_area->addr,
+                         GNTMAP_host_map, rx_ring_ref, netif->domid);
+
+       if (HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_map_grant_ref, &op, 1))
+               BUG();
+
+       if (op.status) {
+               DPRINTK(" Gnttab failure mapping rx_ring_ref!\n");
+               return op.status;
+       }
+
+       netif->rx_shmem_ref    = rx_ring_ref;
+       netif->rx_shmem_handle = op.handle;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void unmap_frontend_pages(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       struct gnttab_unmap_grant_ref op;
+
+       gnttab_set_unmap_op(&op, (unsigned long)netif->tx_comms_area->addr,
+                           GNTMAP_host_map, netif->tx_shmem_handle);
+
+       if (HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_unmap_grant_ref, &op, 1))
+               BUG();
+
+       gnttab_set_unmap_op(&op, (unsigned long)netif->rx_comms_area->addr,
+                           GNTMAP_host_map, netif->rx_shmem_handle);
+
+       if (HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_unmap_grant_ref, &op, 1))
+               BUG();
+}
+
+int netif_map(netif_t *netif, unsigned long tx_ring_ref,
+             unsigned long rx_ring_ref, unsigned int evtchn)
+{
+       int err = -ENOMEM;
+       netif_tx_sring_t *txs;
+       netif_rx_sring_t *rxs;
+
+       /* Already connected through? */
+       if (netif->irq)
+               return 0;
+
+       netif->tx_comms_area = alloc_vm_area(PAGE_SIZE);
+       if (netif->tx_comms_area == NULL)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       netif->rx_comms_area = alloc_vm_area(PAGE_SIZE);
+       if (netif->rx_comms_area == NULL)
+               goto err_rx;
+
+       err = map_frontend_pages(netif, tx_ring_ref, rx_ring_ref);
+       if (err)
+               goto err_map;
+
+       err = bind_interdomain_evtchn_to_irqhandler(
+               netif->domid, evtchn, netif_be_int, 0,
+               netif->dev->name, netif);
+       if (err < 0)
+               goto err_hypervisor;
+       netif->irq = err;
+       disable_irq(netif->irq);
+
+       txs = (netif_tx_sring_t *)netif->tx_comms_area->addr;
+       BACK_RING_INIT(&netif->tx, txs, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+       rxs = (netif_rx_sring_t *)
+               ((char *)netif->rx_comms_area->addr);
+       BACK_RING_INIT(&netif->rx, rxs, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+       netif->rx_req_cons_peek = 0;
+
+       netif_get(netif);
+
+       rtnl_lock();
+       netback_carrier_on(netif);
+       if (netif_running(netif->dev))
+               __netif_up(netif);
+       rtnl_unlock();
+
+       return 0;
+err_hypervisor:
+       unmap_frontend_pages(netif);
+err_map:
+       free_vm_area(netif->rx_comms_area);
+err_rx:
+       free_vm_area(netif->tx_comms_area);
+       return err;
+}
+
+void netif_disconnect(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       if (netback_carrier_ok(netif)) {
+               rtnl_lock();
+               netback_carrier_off(netif);
+               netif_carrier_off(netif->dev); /* discard queued packets */
+               if (netif_running(netif->dev))
+                       __netif_down(netif);
+               rtnl_unlock();
+               netif_put(netif);
+       }
+
+       atomic_dec(&netif->refcnt);
+       wait_event(netif->waiting_to_free, atomic_read(&netif->refcnt) == 0);
+
+       del_timer_sync(&netif->credit_timeout);
+       del_timer_sync(&netif->tx_queue_timeout);
+
+       if (netif->irq)
+               unbind_from_irqhandler(netif->irq, netif);
+
+       unregister_netdev(netif->dev);
+
+       if (netif->tx.sring) {
+               unmap_frontend_pages(netif);
+               free_vm_area(netif->tx_comms_area);
+               free_vm_area(netif->rx_comms_area);
+       }
+
+       free_netdev(netif->dev);
+}
diff --git a/drivers/xen/netback/netback.c b/drivers/xen/netback/netback.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..db629d4
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1637 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * drivers/xen/netback/netback.c
+ *
+ * Back-end of the driver for virtual network devices. This portion of the
+ * driver exports a 'unified' network-device interface that can be accessed
+ * by any operating system that implements a compatible front end. A
+ * reference front-end implementation can be found in:
+ *  drivers/xen/netfront/netfront.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2005, K A Fraser
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
+ * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
+ * software packages, subject to the following license:
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include <xen/balloon.h>
+#include <xen/interface/memory.h>
+
+/*define NETBE_DEBUG_INTERRUPT*/
+
+struct netbk_rx_meta {
+       skb_frag_t frag;
+       int id;
+       u8 copy:1;
+};
+
+struct netbk_tx_pending_inuse {
+       struct list_head list;
+       unsigned long alloc_time;
+};
+
+static void netif_idx_release(u16 pending_idx);
+static void make_tx_response(netif_t *netif,
+                            netif_tx_request_t *txp,
+                            s8       st);
+static netif_rx_response_t *make_rx_response(netif_t *netif,
+                                            u16      id,
+                                            s8       st,
+                                            u16      offset,
+                                            u16      size,
+                                            u16      flags);
+
+static void net_tx_action(unsigned long unused);
+static DECLARE_TASKLET(net_tx_tasklet, net_tx_action, 0);
+
+static void net_rx_action(unsigned long unused);
+static DECLARE_TASKLET(net_rx_tasklet, net_rx_action, 0);
+
+static struct timer_list net_timer;
+static struct timer_list netbk_tx_pending_timer;
+
+#define MAX_PENDING_REQS 256
+
+static struct sk_buff_head rx_queue;
+
+static struct page **mmap_pages;
+static inline unsigned long idx_to_pfn(unsigned int idx)
+{
+       return page_to_pfn(mmap_pages[idx]);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long idx_to_kaddr(unsigned int idx)
+{
+       return (unsigned long)pfn_to_kaddr(idx_to_pfn(idx));
+}
+
+/* extra field used in struct page */
+static inline void netif_set_page_index(struct page *pg, unsigned int index)
+{
+       *(unsigned long *)&pg->mapping = index;
+}
+
+static inline int netif_page_index(struct page *pg)
+{
+       unsigned long idx = (unsigned long)pg->mapping;
+
+       if (!PageForeign(pg))
+               return -1;
+
+       if ((idx >= MAX_PENDING_REQS) || (mmap_pages[idx] != pg))
+               return -1;
+
+       return idx;
+}
+
+#define PKT_PROT_LEN 64
+
+static struct pending_tx_info {
+       netif_tx_request_t req;
+       netif_t *netif;
+} pending_tx_info[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+static u16 pending_ring[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+typedef unsigned int PEND_RING_IDX;
+#define MASK_PEND_IDX(_i) ((_i)&(MAX_PENDING_REQS-1))
+static PEND_RING_IDX pending_prod, pending_cons;
+#define NR_PENDING_REQS (MAX_PENDING_REQS - pending_prod + pending_cons)
+
+/* Freed TX SKBs get batched on this ring before return to pending_ring. */
+static u16 dealloc_ring[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+static PEND_RING_IDX dealloc_prod, dealloc_cons;
+
+/* Doubly-linked list of in-use pending entries. */
+static struct netbk_tx_pending_inuse pending_inuse[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+static LIST_HEAD(pending_inuse_head);
+
+static struct sk_buff_head tx_queue;
+
+static grant_handle_t grant_tx_handle[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+static gnttab_unmap_grant_ref_t tx_unmap_ops[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+static gnttab_map_grant_ref_t tx_map_ops[MAX_PENDING_REQS];
+
+static struct list_head net_schedule_list;
+static spinlock_t net_schedule_list_lock;
+
+#define MAX_MFN_ALLOC 64
+static unsigned long mfn_list[MAX_MFN_ALLOC];
+static unsigned int alloc_index = 0;
+
+/* Setting this allows the safe use of this driver without netloop. */
+static int MODPARM_copy_skb = 1;
+module_param_named(copy_skb, MODPARM_copy_skb, bool, 0);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(copy_skb, "Copy data received from netfront without netloop");
+
+int netbk_copy_skb_mode;
+
+static inline unsigned long alloc_mfn(void)
+{
+       BUG_ON(alloc_index == 0);
+       return mfn_list[--alloc_index];
+}
+
+static int check_mfn(int nr)
+{
+       struct xen_memory_reservation reservation = {
+               .extent_order = 0,
+               .domid        = DOMID_SELF
+       };
+       int rc;
+
+       if (likely(alloc_index >= nr))
+               return 0;
+
+       set_xen_guest_handle(reservation.extent_start, mfn_list + alloc_index);
+       reservation.nr_extents = MAX_MFN_ALLOC - alloc_index;
+       rc = HYPERVISOR_memory_op(XENMEM_increase_reservation, &reservation);
+       if (likely(rc > 0))
+               alloc_index += rc;
+
+       return alloc_index >= nr ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static inline void maybe_schedule_tx_action(void)
+{
+       smp_mb();
+       if ((NR_PENDING_REQS < (MAX_PENDING_REQS/2)) &&
+           !list_empty(&net_schedule_list))
+               tasklet_schedule(&net_tx_tasklet);
+}
+
+static struct sk_buff *netbk_copy_skb(struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+       struct skb_shared_info *ninfo;
+       struct sk_buff *nskb;
+       unsigned long offset;
+       int ret;
+       int len;
+       int headlen;
+
+       BUG_ON(skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list != NULL);
+
+       nskb = alloc_skb(SKB_MAX_HEAD(0), GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN);
+       if (unlikely(!nskb))
+               goto err;
+
+       skb_reserve(nskb, 16 + NET_IP_ALIGN);
+       headlen = nskb->end - nskb->data;
+       if (headlen > skb_headlen(skb))
+               headlen = skb_headlen(skb);
+       ret = skb_copy_bits(skb, 0, __skb_put(nskb, headlen), headlen);
+       BUG_ON(ret);
+
+       ninfo = skb_shinfo(nskb);
+       ninfo->gso_size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;
+       ninfo->gso_type = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type;
+
+       offset = headlen;
+       len = skb->len - headlen;
+
+       nskb->len = skb->len;
+       nskb->data_len = len;
+       nskb->truesize += len;
+
+       while (len) {
+               struct page *page;
+               int copy;
+               int zero;
+
+               if (unlikely(ninfo->nr_frags >= MAX_SKB_FRAGS)) {
+                       dump_stack();
+                       goto err_free;
+               }
+
+               copy = len >= PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : len;
+               zero = len >= PAGE_SIZE ? 0 : __GFP_ZERO;
+
+               page = alloc_page(GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN | zero);
+               if (unlikely(!page))
+                       goto err_free;
+
+               ret = skb_copy_bits(skb, offset, page_address(page), copy);
+               BUG_ON(ret);
+
+               ninfo->frags[ninfo->nr_frags].page = page;
+               ninfo->frags[ninfo->nr_frags].page_offset = 0;
+               ninfo->frags[ninfo->nr_frags].size = copy;
+               ninfo->nr_frags++;
+
+               offset += copy;
+               len -= copy;
+       }
+
+       offset = nskb->data - skb->data;
+
+       nskb->h.raw = skb->h.raw + offset;
+       nskb->nh.raw = skb->nh.raw + offset;
+       nskb->mac.raw = skb->mac.raw + offset;
+
+       return nskb;
+
+ err_free:
+       kfree_skb(nskb);
+ err:
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline int netbk_max_required_rx_slots(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       if (netif->features & (NETIF_F_SG|NETIF_F_TSO))
+               return MAX_SKB_FRAGS + 2; /* header + extra_info + frags */
+       return 1; /* all in one */
+}
+
+static inline int netbk_queue_full(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       RING_IDX peek   = netif->rx_req_cons_peek;
+       RING_IDX needed = netbk_max_required_rx_slots(netif);
+
+       return ((netif->rx.sring->req_prod - peek) < needed) ||
+              ((netif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt + NET_RX_RING_SIZE - peek) < needed);
+}
+
+static void tx_queue_callback(unsigned long data)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = (netif_t *)data;
+       if (netif_schedulable(netif))
+               netif_wake_queue(netif->dev);
+}
+
+int netif_be_start_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+
+       BUG_ON(skb->dev != dev);
+
+       /* Drop the packet if the target domain has no receive buffers. */
+       if (unlikely(!netif_schedulable(netif) || netbk_queue_full(netif)))
+               goto drop;
+
+       /*
+        * Copy the packet here if it's destined for a flipping interface
+        * but isn't flippable (e.g. extra references to data).
+        * XXX For now we also copy skbuffs whose head crosses a page
+        * boundary, because netbk_gop_skb can't handle them.
+        */
+       if (!netif->copying_receiver ||
+           ((skb_headlen(skb) + offset_in_page(skb->data)) >= PAGE_SIZE)) {
+               struct sk_buff *nskb = netbk_copy_skb(skb);
+               if ( unlikely(nskb == NULL) )
+                       goto drop;
+               /* Copy only the header fields we use in this driver. */
+               nskb->dev = skb->dev;
+               nskb->ip_summed = skb->ip_summed;
+               nskb->proto_data_valid = skb->proto_data_valid;
+               dev_kfree_skb(skb);
+               skb = nskb;
+       }
+
+       netif->rx_req_cons_peek += skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags + 1 +
+                                  !!skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;
+       netif_get(netif);
+
+       if (netbk_can_queue(dev) && netbk_queue_full(netif)) {
+               netif->rx.sring->req_event = netif->rx_req_cons_peek +
+                       netbk_max_required_rx_slots(netif);
+               mb(); /* request notification /then/ check & stop the queue */
+               if (netbk_queue_full(netif)) {
+                       netif_stop_queue(dev);
+                       /*
+                        * Schedule 500ms timeout to restart the queue, thus
+                        * ensuring that an inactive queue will be drained.
+                        * Packets will be immediately be dropped until more
+                        * receive buffers become available (see
+                        * netbk_queue_full() check above).
+                        */
+                       netif->tx_queue_timeout.data = (unsigned long)netif;
+                       netif->tx_queue_timeout.function = tx_queue_callback;
+                       __mod_timer(&netif->tx_queue_timeout, jiffies + HZ/2);
+               }
+       }
+
+       skb_queue_tail(&rx_queue, skb);
+       tasklet_schedule(&net_rx_tasklet);
+
+       return 0;
+
+ drop:
+       netif->stats.tx_dropped++;
+       dev_kfree_skb(skb);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void xen_network_done_notify(void)
+{
+       static struct net_device *eth0_dev = NULL;
+       if (unlikely(eth0_dev == NULL))
+               eth0_dev = __dev_get_by_name("eth0");
+       netif_rx_schedule(eth0_dev);
+}
+/*
+ * Add following to poll() function in NAPI driver (Tigon3 is example):
+ *  if ( xen_network_done() )
+ *      tg3_enable_ints(tp);
+ */
+int xen_network_done(void)
+{
+       return skb_queue_empty(&rx_queue);
+}
+#endif
+
+struct netrx_pending_operations {
+       unsigned trans_prod, trans_cons;
+       unsigned mmu_prod, mmu_mcl;
+       unsigned mcl_prod, mcl_cons;
+       unsigned copy_prod, copy_cons;
+       unsigned meta_prod, meta_cons;
+       mmu_update_t *mmu;
+       gnttab_transfer_t *trans;
+       gnttab_copy_t *copy;
+       multicall_entry_t *mcl;
+       struct netbk_rx_meta *meta;
+};
+
+/* Set up the grant operations for this fragment.  If it's a flipping
+   interface, we also set up the unmap request from here. */
+static u16 netbk_gop_frag(netif_t *netif, struct netbk_rx_meta *meta,
+                         int i, struct netrx_pending_operations *npo,
+                         struct page *page, unsigned long size,
+                         unsigned long offset)
+{
+       mmu_update_t *mmu;
+       gnttab_transfer_t *gop;
+       gnttab_copy_t *copy_gop;
+       multicall_entry_t *mcl;
+       netif_rx_request_t *req;
+       unsigned long old_mfn, new_mfn;
+       int idx = netif_page_index(page);
+
+       old_mfn = virt_to_mfn(page_address(page));
+
+       req = RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->rx, netif->rx.req_cons + i);
+       if (netif->copying_receiver) {
+               /* The fragment needs to be copied rather than
+                  flipped. */
+               meta->copy = 1;
+               copy_gop = npo->copy + npo->copy_prod++;
+               copy_gop->flags = GNTCOPY_dest_gref;
+               if (idx > -1) {
+                       struct pending_tx_info *src_pend = &pending_tx_info[idx];
+                       copy_gop->source.domid = src_pend->netif->domid;
+                       copy_gop->source.u.ref = src_pend->req.gref;
+                       copy_gop->flags |= GNTCOPY_source_gref;
+               } else {
+                       copy_gop->source.domid = DOMID_SELF;
+                       copy_gop->source.u.gmfn = old_mfn;
+               }
+               copy_gop->source.offset = offset;
+               copy_gop->dest.domid = netif->domid;
+               copy_gop->dest.offset = 0;
+               copy_gop->dest.u.ref = req->gref;
+               copy_gop->len = size;
+       } else {
+               meta->copy = 0;
+               if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
+                       new_mfn = alloc_mfn();
+
+                       /*
+                        * Set the new P2M table entry before
+                        * reassigning the old data page. Heed the
+                        * comment in pgtable-2level.h:pte_page(). :-)
+                        */
+                       set_phys_to_machine(page_to_pfn(page), new_mfn);
+
+                       mcl = npo->mcl + npo->mcl_prod++;
+                       MULTI_update_va_mapping(mcl,
+                                            (unsigned long)page_address(page),
+                                            pfn_pte_ma(new_mfn, PAGE_KERNEL),
+                                            0);
+
+                       mmu = npo->mmu + npo->mmu_prod++;
+                       mmu->ptr = ((maddr_t)new_mfn << PAGE_SHIFT) |
+                               MMU_MACHPHYS_UPDATE;
+                       mmu->val = page_to_pfn(page);
+               }
+
+               gop = npo->trans + npo->trans_prod++;
+               gop->mfn = old_mfn;
+               gop->domid = netif->domid;
+               gop->ref = req->gref;
+       }
+       return req->id;
+}
+
+static void netbk_gop_skb(struct sk_buff *skb,
+                         struct netrx_pending_operations *npo)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(skb->dev);
+       int nr_frags = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;
+       int i;
+       int extra;
+       struct netbk_rx_meta *head_meta, *meta;
+
+       head_meta = npo->meta + npo->meta_prod++;
+       head_meta->frag.page_offset = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type;
+       head_meta->frag.size = skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size;
+       extra = !!head_meta->frag.size + 1;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_frags; i++) {
+               meta = npo->meta + npo->meta_prod++;
+               meta->frag = skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[i];
+               meta->id = netbk_gop_frag(netif, meta, i + extra, npo,
+                                         meta->frag.page,
+                                         meta->frag.size,
+                                         meta->frag.page_offset);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * This must occur at the end to ensure that we don't trash skb_shinfo
+        * until we're done. We know that the head doesn't cross a page
+        * boundary because such packets get copied in netif_be_start_xmit.
+        */
+       head_meta->id = netbk_gop_frag(netif, head_meta, 0, npo,
+                                      virt_to_page(skb->data),
+                                      skb_headlen(skb),
+                                      offset_in_page(skb->data));
+
+       netif->rx.req_cons += nr_frags + extra;
+}
+
+static inline void netbk_free_pages(int nr_frags, struct netbk_rx_meta *meta)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_frags; i++)
+               put_page(meta[i].frag.page);
+}
+
+/* This is a twin to netbk_gop_skb.  Assume that netbk_gop_skb was
+   used to set up the operations on the top of
+   netrx_pending_operations, which have since been done.  Check that
+   they didn't give any errors and advance over them. */
+static int netbk_check_gop(int nr_frags, domid_t domid,
+                          struct netrx_pending_operations *npo)
+{
+       multicall_entry_t *mcl;
+       gnttab_transfer_t *gop;
+       gnttab_copy_t     *copy_op;
+       int status = NETIF_RSP_OKAY;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i <= nr_frags; i++) {
+               if (npo->meta[npo->meta_cons + i].copy) {
+                       copy_op = npo->copy + npo->copy_cons++;
+                       if (copy_op->status != GNTST_okay) {
+                               DPRINTK("Bad status %d from copy to DOM%d.\n",
+                                       copy_op->status, domid);
+                               status = NETIF_RSP_ERROR;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap)) {
+                               mcl = npo->mcl + npo->mcl_cons++;
+                               /* The update_va_mapping() must not fail. */
+                               BUG_ON(mcl->result != 0);
+                       }
+
+                       gop = npo->trans + npo->trans_cons++;
+                       /* Check the reassignment error code. */
+                       if (gop->status != 0) {
+                               DPRINTK("Bad status %d from grant transfer to DOM%u\n",
+                                       gop->status, domid);
+                               /*
+                                * Page no longer belongs to us unless
+                                * GNTST_bad_page, but that should be
+                                * a fatal error anyway.
+                                */
+                               BUG_ON(gop->status == GNTST_bad_page);
+                               status = NETIF_RSP_ERROR;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       return status;
+}
+
+static void netbk_add_frag_responses(netif_t *netif, int status,
+                                    struct netbk_rx_meta *meta, int nr_frags)
+{
+       int i;
+       unsigned long offset;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_frags; i++) {
+               int id = meta[i].id;
+               int flags = (i == nr_frags - 1) ? 0 : NETRXF_more_data;
+
+               if (meta[i].copy)
+                       offset = 0;
+               else
+                       offset = meta[i].frag.page_offset;
+               make_rx_response(netif, id, status, offset,
+                                meta[i].frag.size, flags);
+       }
+}
+
+static void net_rx_action(unsigned long unused)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = NULL;
+       s8 status;
+       u16 id, irq, flags;
+       netif_rx_response_t *resp;
+       multicall_entry_t *mcl;
+       struct sk_buff_head rxq;
+       struct sk_buff *skb;
+       int notify_nr = 0;
+       int ret;
+       int nr_frags;
+       int count;
+       unsigned long offset;
+
+       /*
+        * Putting hundreds of bytes on the stack is considered rude.
+        * Static works because a tasklet can only be on one CPU at any time.
+        */
+       static multicall_entry_t rx_mcl[NET_RX_RING_SIZE+3];
+       static mmu_update_t rx_mmu[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
+       static gnttab_transfer_t grant_trans_op[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
+       static gnttab_copy_t grant_copy_op[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
+       static unsigned char rx_notify[NR_IRQS];
+       static u16 notify_list[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
+       static struct netbk_rx_meta meta[NET_RX_RING_SIZE];
+
+       struct netrx_pending_operations npo = {
+               mmu: rx_mmu,
+               trans: grant_trans_op,
+               copy: grant_copy_op,
+               mcl: rx_mcl,
+               meta: meta};
+
+       skb_queue_head_init(&rxq);
+
+       count = 0;
+
+       while ((skb = skb_dequeue(&rx_queue)) != NULL) {
+               nr_frags = skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags;
+               *(int *)skb->cb = nr_frags;
+
+               if (!xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap) &&
+                   !((netif_t *)netdev_priv(skb->dev))->copying_receiver &&
+                   check_mfn(nr_frags + 1)) {
+                       /* Memory squeeze? Back off for an arbitrary while. */
+                       if ( net_ratelimit() )
+                               WPRINTK("Memory squeeze in netback "
+                                       "driver.\n");
+                       mod_timer(&net_timer, jiffies + HZ);
+                       skb_queue_head(&rx_queue, skb);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               netbk_gop_skb(skb, &npo);
+
+               count += nr_frags + 1;
+
+               __skb_queue_tail(&rxq, skb);
+
+               /* Filled the batch queue? */
+               if (count + MAX_SKB_FRAGS >= NET_RX_RING_SIZE)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       BUG_ON(npo.meta_prod > ARRAY_SIZE(meta));
+
+       npo.mmu_mcl = npo.mcl_prod;
+       if (npo.mcl_prod) {
+               BUG_ON(xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap));
+               BUG_ON(npo.mmu_prod > ARRAY_SIZE(rx_mmu));
+               mcl = npo.mcl + npo.mcl_prod++;
+
+               BUG_ON(mcl[-1].op != __HYPERVISOR_update_va_mapping);
+               mcl[-1].args[MULTI_UVMFLAGS_INDEX] = UVMF_TLB_FLUSH|UVMF_ALL;
+
+               mcl->op = __HYPERVISOR_mmu_update;
+               mcl->args[0] = (unsigned long)rx_mmu;
+               mcl->args[1] = npo.mmu_prod;
+               mcl->args[2] = 0;
+               mcl->args[3] = DOMID_SELF;
+       }
+
+       if (npo.trans_prod) {
+               BUG_ON(npo.trans_prod > ARRAY_SIZE(grant_trans_op));
+               mcl = npo.mcl + npo.mcl_prod++;
+               mcl->op = __HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op;
+               mcl->args[0] = GNTTABOP_transfer;
+               mcl->args[1] = (unsigned long)grant_trans_op;
+               mcl->args[2] = npo.trans_prod;
+       }
+
+       if (npo.copy_prod) {
+               BUG_ON(npo.copy_prod > ARRAY_SIZE(grant_copy_op));
+               mcl = npo.mcl + npo.mcl_prod++;
+               mcl->op = __HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op;
+               mcl->args[0] = GNTTABOP_copy;
+               mcl->args[1] = (unsigned long)grant_copy_op;
+               mcl->args[2] = npo.copy_prod;
+       }
+
+       /* Nothing to do? */
+       if (!npo.mcl_prod)
+               return;
+
+       BUG_ON(npo.mcl_prod > ARRAY_SIZE(rx_mcl));
+
+       ret = HYPERVISOR_multicall(npo.mcl, npo.mcl_prod);
+       BUG_ON(ret != 0);
+       /* The mmu_machphys_update() must not fail. */
+       BUG_ON(npo.mmu_mcl && npo.mcl[npo.mmu_mcl].result != 0);
+
+       while ((skb = __skb_dequeue(&rxq)) != NULL) {
+               nr_frags = *(int *)skb->cb;
+
+               netif = netdev_priv(skb->dev);
+               /* We can't rely on skb_release_data to release the
+                  pages used by fragments for us, since it tries to
+                  touch the pages in the fraglist.  If we're in
+                  flipping mode, that doesn't work.  In copying mode,
+                  we still have access to all of the pages, and so
+                  it's safe to let release_data deal with it. */
+               /* (Freeing the fragments is safe since we copy
+                  non-linear skbs destined for flipping interfaces) */
+               if (!netif->copying_receiver) {
+                       atomic_set(&(skb_shinfo(skb)->dataref), 1);
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->frag_list = NULL;
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = 0;
+                       netbk_free_pages(nr_frags, meta + npo.meta_cons + 1);
+               }
+
+               netif->stats.tx_bytes += skb->len;
+               netif->stats.tx_packets++;
+
+               status = netbk_check_gop(nr_frags, netif->domid, &npo);
+
+               id = meta[npo.meta_cons].id;
+               flags = nr_frags ? NETRXF_more_data : 0;
+
+               if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_HW) /* local packet? */
+                       flags |= NETRXF_csum_blank | NETRXF_data_validated;
+               else if (skb->proto_data_valid) /* remote but checksummed? */
+                       flags |= NETRXF_data_validated;
+
+               if (meta[npo.meta_cons].copy)
+                       offset = 0;
+               else
+                       offset = offset_in_page(skb->data);
+               resp = make_rx_response(netif, id, status, offset,
+                                       skb_headlen(skb), flags);
+
+               if (meta[npo.meta_cons].frag.size) {
+                       struct netif_extra_info *gso =
+                               (struct netif_extra_info *)
+                               RING_GET_RESPONSE(&netif->rx,
+                                                 netif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt++);
+
+                       resp->flags |= NETRXF_extra_info;
+
+                       gso->u.gso.size = meta[npo.meta_cons].frag.size;
+                       gso->u.gso.type = XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4;
+                       gso->u.gso.pad = 0;
+                       gso->u.gso.features = 0;
+
+                       gso->type = XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_GSO;
+                       gso->flags = 0;
+               }
+
+               netbk_add_frag_responses(netif, status,
+                                        meta + npo.meta_cons + 1,
+                                        nr_frags);
+
+               RING_PUSH_RESPONSES_AND_CHECK_NOTIFY(&netif->rx, ret);
+               irq = netif->irq;
+               if (ret && !rx_notify[irq]) {
+                       rx_notify[irq] = 1;
+                       notify_list[notify_nr++] = irq;
+               }
+
+               if (netif_queue_stopped(netif->dev) &&
+                   netif_schedulable(netif) &&
+                   !netbk_queue_full(netif))
+                       netif_wake_queue(netif->dev);
+
+               netif_put(netif);
+               dev_kfree_skb(skb);
+               npo.meta_cons += nr_frags + 1;
+       }
+
+       while (notify_nr != 0) {
+               irq = notify_list[--notify_nr];
+               rx_notify[irq] = 0;
+               notify_remote_via_irq(irq);
+       }
+
+       /* More work to do? */
+       if (!skb_queue_empty(&rx_queue) && !timer_pending(&net_timer))
+               tasklet_schedule(&net_rx_tasklet);
+#if 0
+       else
+               xen_network_done_notify();
+#endif
+}
+
+static void net_alarm(unsigned long unused)
+{
+       tasklet_schedule(&net_rx_tasklet);
+}
+
+static void netbk_tx_pending_timeout(unsigned long unused)
+{
+       tasklet_schedule(&net_tx_tasklet);
+}
+
+struct net_device_stats *netif_be_get_stats(struct net_device *dev)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = netdev_priv(dev);
+       return &netif->stats;
+}
+
+static int __on_net_schedule_list(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       return netif->list.next != NULL;
+}
+
+static void remove_from_net_schedule_list(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       spin_lock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+       if (likely(__on_net_schedule_list(netif))) {
+               list_del(&netif->list);
+               netif->list.next = NULL;
+               netif_put(netif);
+       }
+       spin_unlock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+}
+
+static void add_to_net_schedule_list_tail(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       if (__on_net_schedule_list(netif))
+               return;
+
+       spin_lock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+       if (!__on_net_schedule_list(netif) &&
+           likely(netif_schedulable(netif))) {
+               list_add_tail(&netif->list, &net_schedule_list);
+               netif_get(netif);
+       }
+       spin_unlock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Note on CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_PIPELINED_TRANSMITTER:
+ * If this driver is pipelining transmit requests then we can be very
+ * aggressive in avoiding new-packet notifications -- frontend only needs to
+ * send a notification if there are no outstanding unreceived responses.
+ * If we may be buffer transmit buffers for any reason then we must be rather
+ * more conservative and treat this as the final check for pending work.
+ */
+void netif_schedule_work(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       int more_to_do;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_PIPELINED_TRANSMITTER
+       more_to_do = RING_HAS_UNCONSUMED_REQUESTS(&netif->tx);
+#else
+       RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_REQUESTS(&netif->tx, more_to_do);
+#endif
+
+       if (more_to_do) {
+               add_to_net_schedule_list_tail(netif);
+               maybe_schedule_tx_action();
+       }
+}
+
+void netif_deschedule_work(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       remove_from_net_schedule_list(netif);
+}
+
+
+static void tx_add_credit(netif_t *netif)
+{
+       unsigned long max_burst, max_credit;
+
+       /*
+        * Allow a burst big enough to transmit a jumbo packet of up to 128kB.
+        * Otherwise the interface can seize up due to insufficient credit.
+        */
+       max_burst = RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->tx, netif->tx.req_cons)->size;
+       max_burst = min(max_burst, 131072UL);
+       max_burst = max(max_burst, netif->credit_bytes);
+
+       /* Take care that adding a new chunk of credit doesn't wrap to zero. */
+       max_credit = netif->remaining_credit + netif->credit_bytes;
+       if (max_credit < netif->remaining_credit)
+               max_credit = ULONG_MAX; /* wrapped: clamp to ULONG_MAX */
+
+       netif->remaining_credit = min(max_credit, max_burst);
+}
+
+static void tx_credit_callback(unsigned long data)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = (netif_t *)data;
+       tx_add_credit(netif);
+       netif_schedule_work(netif);
+}
+
+static inline int copy_pending_req(PEND_RING_IDX pending_idx)
+{
+       return gnttab_copy_grant_page(grant_tx_handle[pending_idx],
+                                     &mmap_pages[pending_idx]);
+}
+
+inline static void net_tx_action_dealloc(void)
+{
+       struct netbk_tx_pending_inuse *inuse, *n;
+       gnttab_unmap_grant_ref_t *gop;
+       u16 pending_idx;
+       PEND_RING_IDX dc, dp;
+       netif_t *netif;
+       int ret;
+       LIST_HEAD(list);
+
+       dc = dealloc_cons;
+       gop = tx_unmap_ops;
+
+       /*
+        * Free up any grants we have finished using
+        */
+       do {
+               dp = dealloc_prod;
+
+               /* Ensure we see all indices enqueued by netif_idx_release(). */
+               smp_rmb();
+
+               while (dc != dp) {
+                       unsigned long pfn;
+
+                       pending_idx = dealloc_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(dc++)];
+                       list_move_tail(&pending_inuse[pending_idx].list, &list);
+
+                       pfn = idx_to_pfn(pending_idx);
+                       /* Already unmapped? */
+                       if (!phys_to_machine_mapping_valid(pfn))
+                               continue;
+
+                       gnttab_set_unmap_op(gop, idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx),
+                                           GNTMAP_host_map,
+                                           grant_tx_handle[pending_idx]);
+                       gop++;
+               }
+
+               if (netbk_copy_skb_mode != NETBK_DELAYED_COPY_SKB ||
+                   list_empty(&pending_inuse_head))
+                       break;
+
+               /* Copy any entries that have been pending for too long. */
+               list_for_each_entry_safe(inuse, n, &pending_inuse_head, list) {
+                       if (time_after(inuse->alloc_time + HZ / 2, jiffies))
+                               break;
+
+                       switch (copy_pending_req(inuse - pending_inuse)) {
+                       case 0:
+                               list_move_tail(&inuse->list, &list);
+                               continue;
+                       case -EBUSY:
+                               list_del_init(&inuse->list);
+                               continue;
+                       case -ENOENT:
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       break;
+               }
+       } while (dp != dealloc_prod);
+
+       dealloc_cons = dc;
+
+       ret = HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(
+               GNTTABOP_unmap_grant_ref, tx_unmap_ops, gop - tx_unmap_ops);
+       BUG_ON(ret);
+
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(inuse, n, &list, list) {
+               pending_idx = inuse - pending_inuse;
+
+               netif = pending_tx_info[pending_idx].netif;
+
+               make_tx_response(netif, &pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req,
+                                NETIF_RSP_OKAY);
+
+               /* Ready for next use. */
+               gnttab_reset_grant_page(mmap_pages[pending_idx]);
+
+               pending_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(pending_prod++)] = pending_idx;
+
+               netif_put(netif);
+
+               list_del_init(&inuse->list);
+       }
+}
+
+static void netbk_tx_err(netif_t *netif, netif_tx_request_t *txp, RING_IDX end)
+{
+       RING_IDX cons = netif->tx.req_cons;
+
+       do {
+               make_tx_response(netif, txp, NETIF_RSP_ERROR);
+               if (cons >= end)
+                       break;
+               txp = RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->tx, cons++);
+       } while (1);
+       netif->tx.req_cons = cons;
+       netif_schedule_work(netif);
+       netif_put(netif);
+}
+
+static int netbk_count_requests(netif_t *netif, netif_tx_request_t *first,
+                               netif_tx_request_t *txp, int work_to_do)
+{
+       RING_IDX cons = netif->tx.req_cons;
+       int frags = 0;
+
+       if (!(first->flags & NETTXF_more_data))
+               return 0;
+
+       do {
+               if (frags >= work_to_do) {
+                       DPRINTK("Need more frags\n");
+                       return -frags;
+               }
+
+               if (unlikely(frags >= MAX_SKB_FRAGS)) {
+                       DPRINTK("Too many frags\n");
+                       return -frags;
+               }
+
+               memcpy(txp, RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->tx, cons + frags),
+                      sizeof(*txp));
+               if (txp->size > first->size) {
+                       DPRINTK("Frags galore\n");
+                       return -frags;
+               }
+
+               first->size -= txp->size;
+               frags++;
+
+               if (unlikely((txp->offset + txp->size) > PAGE_SIZE)) {
+                       DPRINTK("txp->offset: %x, size: %u\n",
+                               txp->offset, txp->size);
+                       return -frags;
+               }
+       } while ((txp++)->flags & NETTXF_more_data);
+
+       return frags;
+}
+
+static gnttab_map_grant_ref_t *netbk_get_requests(netif_t *netif,
+                                                 struct sk_buff *skb,
+                                                 netif_tx_request_t *txp,
+                                                 gnttab_map_grant_ref_t *mop)
+{
+       struct skb_shared_info *shinfo = skb_shinfo(skb);
+       skb_frag_t *frags = shinfo->frags;
+       unsigned long pending_idx = *((u16 *)skb->data);
+       int i, start;
+
+       /* Skip first skb fragment if it is on same page as header fragment. */
+       start = ((unsigned long)shinfo->frags[0].page == pending_idx);
+
+       for (i = start; i < shinfo->nr_frags; i++, txp++) {
+               pending_idx = pending_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(pending_cons++)];
+
+               gnttab_set_map_op(mop++, idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx),
+                                 GNTMAP_host_map | GNTMAP_readonly,
+                                 txp->gref, netif->domid);
+
+               memcpy(&pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req, txp, sizeof(*txp));
+               netif_get(netif);
+               pending_tx_info[pending_idx].netif = netif;
+               frags[i].page = (void *)pending_idx;
+       }
+
+       return mop;
+}
+
+static int netbk_tx_check_mop(struct sk_buff *skb,
+                              gnttab_map_grant_ref_t **mopp)
+{
+       gnttab_map_grant_ref_t *mop = *mopp;
+       int pending_idx = *((u16 *)skb->data);
+       netif_t *netif = pending_tx_info[pending_idx].netif;
+       netif_tx_request_t *txp;
+       struct skb_shared_info *shinfo = skb_shinfo(skb);
+       int nr_frags = shinfo->nr_frags;
+       int i, err, start;
+
+       /* Check status of header. */
+       err = mop->status;
+       if (unlikely(err)) {
+               txp = &pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req;
+               make_tx_response(netif, txp, NETIF_RSP_ERROR);
+               pending_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(pending_prod++)] = pending_idx;
+               netif_put(netif);
+       } else {
+               set_phys_to_machine(
+                       __pa(idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx)) >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+                       FOREIGN_FRAME(mop->dev_bus_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT));
+               grant_tx_handle[pending_idx] = mop->handle;
+       }
+
+       /* Skip first skb fragment if it is on same page as header fragment. */
+       start = ((unsigned long)shinfo->frags[0].page == pending_idx);
+
+       for (i = start; i < nr_frags; i++) {
+               int j, newerr;
+
+               pending_idx = (unsigned long)shinfo->frags[i].page;
+
+               /* Check error status: if okay then remember grant handle. */
+               newerr = (++mop)->status;
+               if (likely(!newerr)) {
+                       set_phys_to_machine(
+                               __pa(idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx))>>PAGE_SHIFT,
+                               FOREIGN_FRAME(mop->dev_bus_addr>>PAGE_SHIFT));
+                       grant_tx_handle[pending_idx] = mop->handle;
+                       /* Had a previous error? Invalidate this fragment. */
+                       if (unlikely(err))
+                               netif_idx_release(pending_idx);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* Error on this fragment: respond to client with an error. */
+               txp = &pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req;
+               make_tx_response(netif, txp, NETIF_RSP_ERROR);
+               pending_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(pending_prod++)] = pending_idx;
+               netif_put(netif);
+
+               /* Not the first error? Preceding frags already invalidated. */
+               if (err)
+                       continue;
+
+               /* First error: invalidate header and preceding fragments. */
+               pending_idx = *((u16 *)skb->data);
+               netif_idx_release(pending_idx);
+               for (j = start; j < i; j++) {
+                       pending_idx = (unsigned long)shinfo->frags[i].page;
+                       netif_idx_release(pending_idx);
+               }
+
+               /* Remember the error: invalidate all subsequent fragments. */
+               err = newerr;
+       }
+
+       *mopp = mop + 1;
+       return err;
+}
+
+static void netbk_fill_frags(struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+       struct skb_shared_info *shinfo = skb_shinfo(skb);
+       int nr_frags = shinfo->nr_frags;
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nr_frags; i++) {
+               skb_frag_t *frag = shinfo->frags + i;
+               netif_tx_request_t *txp;
+               unsigned long pending_idx;
+
+               pending_idx = (unsigned long)frag->page;
+
+               pending_inuse[pending_idx].alloc_time = jiffies;
+               list_add_tail(&pending_inuse[pending_idx].list,
+                             &pending_inuse_head);
+
+               txp = &pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req;
+               frag->page = virt_to_page(idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx));
+               frag->size = txp->size;
+               frag->page_offset = txp->offset;
+
+               skb->len += txp->size;
+               skb->data_len += txp->size;
+               skb->truesize += txp->size;
+       }
+}
+
+int netbk_get_extras(netif_t *netif, struct netif_extra_info *extras,
+                    int work_to_do)
+{
+       struct netif_extra_info extra;
+       RING_IDX cons = netif->tx.req_cons;
+
+       do {
+               if (unlikely(work_to_do-- <= 0)) {
+                       DPRINTK("Missing extra info\n");
+                       return -EBADR;
+               }
+
+               memcpy(&extra, RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->tx, cons),
+                      sizeof(extra));
+               if (unlikely(!extra.type ||
+                            extra.type >= XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_MAX)) {
+                       netif->tx.req_cons = ++cons;
+                       DPRINTK("Invalid extra type: %d\n", extra.type);
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               }
+
+               memcpy(&extras[extra.type - 1], &extra, sizeof(extra));
+               netif->tx.req_cons = ++cons;
+       } while (extra.flags & XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_FLAG_MORE);
+
+       return work_to_do;
+}
+
+static int netbk_set_skb_gso(struct sk_buff *skb, struct netif_extra_info *gso)
+{
+       if (!gso->u.gso.size) {
+               DPRINTK("GSO size must not be zero.\n");
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       /* Currently only TCPv4 S.O. is supported. */
+       if (gso->u.gso.type != XEN_NETIF_GSO_TYPE_TCPV4) {
+               DPRINTK("Bad GSO type %d.\n", gso->u.gso.type);
+               return -EINVAL;
+       }
+
+       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size = gso->u.gso.size;
+       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = SKB_GSO_TCPV4;
+
+       /* Header must be checked, and gso_segs computed. */
+       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type |= SKB_GSO_DODGY;
+       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_segs = 0;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/* Called after netfront has transmitted */
+static void net_tx_action(unsigned long unused)
+{
+       struct list_head *ent;
+       struct sk_buff *skb;
+       netif_t *netif;
+       netif_tx_request_t txreq;
+       netif_tx_request_t txfrags[MAX_SKB_FRAGS];
+       struct netif_extra_info extras[XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_MAX - 1];
+       u16 pending_idx;
+       RING_IDX i;
+       gnttab_map_grant_ref_t *mop;
+       unsigned int data_len;
+       int ret, work_to_do;
+
+       if (dealloc_cons != dealloc_prod)
+               net_tx_action_dealloc();
+
+       mop = tx_map_ops;
+       while (((NR_PENDING_REQS + MAX_SKB_FRAGS) < MAX_PENDING_REQS) &&
+               !list_empty(&net_schedule_list)) {
+               /* Get a netif from the list with work to do. */
+               ent = net_schedule_list.next;
+               netif = list_entry(ent, netif_t, list);
+               netif_get(netif);
+               remove_from_net_schedule_list(netif);
+
+               RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_REQUESTS(&netif->tx, work_to_do);
+               if (!work_to_do) {
+                       netif_put(netif);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               i = netif->tx.req_cons;
+               rmb(); /* Ensure that we see the request before we copy it. */
+               memcpy(&txreq, RING_GET_REQUEST(&netif->tx, i), sizeof(txreq));
+
+               /* Credit-based scheduling. */
+               if (txreq.size > netif->remaining_credit) {
+                       unsigned long now = jiffies;
+                       unsigned long next_credit =
+                               netif->credit_timeout.expires +
+                               msecs_to_jiffies(netif->credit_usec / 1000);
+
+                       /* Timer could already be pending in rare cases. */
+                       if (timer_pending(&netif->credit_timeout)) {
+                               netif_put(netif);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+
+                       /* Passed the point where we can replenish credit? */
+                       if (time_after_eq(now, next_credit)) {
+                               netif->credit_timeout.expires = now;
+                               tx_add_credit(netif);
+                       }
+
+                       /* Still too big to send right now? Set a callback. */
+                       if (txreq.size > netif->remaining_credit) {
+                               netif->credit_timeout.data     =
+                                       (unsigned long)netif;
+                               netif->credit_timeout.function =
+                                       tx_credit_callback;
+                               __mod_timer(&netif->credit_timeout,
+                                           next_credit);
+                               netif_put(netif);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+               netif->remaining_credit -= txreq.size;
+
+               work_to_do--;
+               netif->tx.req_cons = ++i;
+
+               memset(extras, 0, sizeof(extras));
+               if (txreq.flags & NETTXF_extra_info) {
+                       work_to_do = netbk_get_extras(netif, extras,
+                                                     work_to_do);
+                       i = netif->tx.req_cons;
+                       if (unlikely(work_to_do < 0)) {
+                               netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               ret = netbk_count_requests(netif, &txreq, txfrags, work_to_do);
+               if (unlikely(ret < 0)) {
+                       netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i - ret);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               i += ret;
+
+               if (unlikely(txreq.size < ETH_HLEN)) {
+                       DPRINTK("Bad packet size: %d\n", txreq.size);
+                       netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               /* No crossing a page as the payload mustn't fragment. */
+               if (unlikely((txreq.offset + txreq.size) > PAGE_SIZE)) {
+                       DPRINTK("txreq.offset: %x, size: %u, end: %lu\n",
+                               txreq.offset, txreq.size,
+                               (txreq.offset &~PAGE_MASK) + txreq.size);
+                       netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               pending_idx = pending_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(pending_cons)];
+
+               data_len = (txreq.size > PKT_PROT_LEN &&
+                           ret < MAX_SKB_FRAGS) ?
+                       PKT_PROT_LEN : txreq.size;
+
+               skb = alloc_skb(data_len + 16 + NET_IP_ALIGN,
+                               GFP_ATOMIC | __GFP_NOWARN);
+               if (unlikely(skb == NULL)) {
+                       DPRINTK("Can't allocate a skb in start_xmit.\n");
+                       netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /* Packets passed to netif_rx() must have some headroom. */
+               skb_reserve(skb, 16 + NET_IP_ALIGN);
+
+               if (extras[XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_GSO - 1].type) {
+                       struct netif_extra_info *gso;
+                       gso = &extras[XEN_NETIF_EXTRA_TYPE_GSO - 1];
+
+                       if (netbk_set_skb_gso(skb, gso)) {
+                               kfree_skb(skb);
+                               netbk_tx_err(netif, &txreq, i);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               gnttab_set_map_op(mop, idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx),
+                                 GNTMAP_host_map | GNTMAP_readonly,
+                                 txreq.gref, netif->domid);
+               mop++;
+
+               memcpy(&pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req,
+                      &txreq, sizeof(txreq));
+               pending_tx_info[pending_idx].netif = netif;
+               *((u16 *)skb->data) = pending_idx;
+
+               __skb_put(skb, data_len);
+
+               skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = ret;
+               if (data_len < txreq.size) {
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags++;
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[0].page =
+                               (void *)(unsigned long)pending_idx;
+               } else {
+                       /* Discriminate from any valid pending_idx value. */
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->frags[0].page = (void *)~0UL;
+               }
+
+               if (skb->data_len < skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size) {
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_size = 0;
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_type = 0;
+               }
+
+               __skb_queue_tail(&tx_queue, skb);
+
+               pending_cons++;
+
+               mop = netbk_get_requests(netif, skb, txfrags, mop);
+
+               netif->tx.req_cons = i;
+               netif_schedule_work(netif);
+
+               if ((mop - tx_map_ops) >= ARRAY_SIZE(tx_map_ops))
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (mop == tx_map_ops)
+               return;
+
+       ret = HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(
+               GNTTABOP_map_grant_ref, tx_map_ops, mop - tx_map_ops);
+       BUG_ON(ret);
+
+       mop = tx_map_ops;
+       while ((skb = __skb_dequeue(&tx_queue)) != NULL) {
+               netif_tx_request_t *txp;
+
+               pending_idx = *((u16 *)skb->data);
+               netif       = pending_tx_info[pending_idx].netif;
+               txp         = &pending_tx_info[pending_idx].req;
+
+               /* Check the remap error code. */
+               if (unlikely(netbk_tx_check_mop(skb, &mop))) {
+                       DPRINTK("netback grant failed.\n");
+                       skb_shinfo(skb)->nr_frags = 0;
+                       kfree_skb(skb);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               data_len = skb->len;
+               memcpy(skb->data,
+                      (void *)(idx_to_kaddr(pending_idx)|txp->offset),
+                      data_len);
+               if (data_len < txp->size) {
+                       /* Append the packet payload as a fragment. */
+                       txp->offset += data_len;
+                       txp->size -= data_len;
+               } else {
+                       /* Schedule a response immediately. */
+                       netif_idx_release(pending_idx);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Old frontends do not assert data_validated but we
+                * can infer it from csum_blank so test both flags.
+                */
+               if (txp->flags & (NETTXF_data_validated|NETTXF_csum_blank)) {
+                       skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_UNNECESSARY;
+                       skb->proto_data_valid = 1;
+               } else {
+                       skb->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
+                       skb->proto_data_valid = 0;
+               }
+               skb->proto_csum_blank = !!(txp->flags & NETTXF_csum_blank);
+
+               netbk_fill_frags(skb);
+
+               skb->dev      = netif->dev;
+               skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, skb->dev);
+
+               netif->stats.rx_bytes += skb->len;
+               netif->stats.rx_packets++;
+
+               if (unlikely(netbk_copy_skb_mode == NETBK_ALWAYS_COPY_SKB) &&
+                   unlikely(skb_linearize(skb))) {
+                       DPRINTK("Can't linearize skb in net_tx_action.\n");
+                       kfree_skb(skb);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               netif_rx(skb);
+               netif->dev->last_rx = jiffies;
+       }
+
+       if (netbk_copy_skb_mode == NETBK_DELAYED_COPY_SKB &&
+           !list_empty(&pending_inuse_head)) {
+               struct netbk_tx_pending_inuse *oldest;
+
+               oldest = list_entry(pending_inuse_head.next,
+                                   struct netbk_tx_pending_inuse, list);
+               mod_timer(&netbk_tx_pending_timer, oldest->alloc_time + HZ);
+       }
+}
+
+static void netif_idx_release(u16 pending_idx)
+{
+       static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(_lock);
+       unsigned long flags;
+
+       spin_lock_irqsave(&_lock, flags);
+       dealloc_ring[MASK_PEND_IDX(dealloc_prod)] = pending_idx;
+       /* Sync with net_tx_action_dealloc: insert idx /then/ incr producer. */
+       smp_wmb();
+       dealloc_prod++;
+       spin_unlock_irqrestore(&_lock, flags);
+
+       tasklet_schedule(&net_tx_tasklet);
+}
+
+static void netif_page_release(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
+{
+       int idx = netif_page_index(page);
+       BUG_ON(order);
+       BUG_ON(idx < 0);
+       netif_idx_release(idx);
+}
+
+irqreturn_t netif_be_int(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+       netif_t *netif = dev_id;
+
+       add_to_net_schedule_list_tail(netif);
+       maybe_schedule_tx_action();
+
+       if (netif_schedulable(netif) && !netbk_queue_full(netif))
+               netif_wake_queue(netif->dev);
+
+       return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+static void make_tx_response(netif_t *netif,
+                            netif_tx_request_t *txp,
+                            s8       st)
+{
+       RING_IDX i = netif->tx.rsp_prod_pvt;
+       netif_tx_response_t *resp;
+       int notify;
+
+       resp = RING_GET_RESPONSE(&netif->tx, i);
+       resp->id     = txp->id;
+       resp->status = st;
+
+       if (txp->flags & NETTXF_extra_info)
+               RING_GET_RESPONSE(&netif->tx, ++i)->status = NETIF_RSP_NULL;
+
+       netif->tx.rsp_prod_pvt = ++i;
+       RING_PUSH_RESPONSES_AND_CHECK_NOTIFY(&netif->tx, notify);
+       if (notify)
+               notify_remote_via_irq(netif->irq);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_NETDEV_PIPELINED_TRANSMITTER
+       if (i == netif->tx.req_cons) {
+               int more_to_do;
+               RING_FINAL_CHECK_FOR_REQUESTS(&netif->tx, more_to_do);
+               if (more_to_do)
+                       add_to_net_schedule_list_tail(netif);
+       }
+#endif
+}
+
+static netif_rx_response_t *make_rx_response(netif_t *netif,
+                                            u16      id,
+                                            s8       st,
+                                            u16      offset,
+                                            u16      size,
+                                            u16      flags)
+{
+       RING_IDX i = netif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt;
+       netif_rx_response_t *resp;
+
+       resp = RING_GET_RESPONSE(&netif->rx, i);
+       resp->offset     = offset;
+       resp->flags      = flags;
+       resp->id         = id;
+       resp->status     = (s16)size;
+       if (st < 0)
+               resp->status = (s16)st;
+
+       netif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt = ++i;
+
+       return resp;
+}
+
+#ifdef NETBE_DEBUG_INTERRUPT
+static irqreturn_t netif_be_dbg(int irq, void *dev_id, struct pt_regs *regs)
+{
+       struct list_head *ent;
+       netif_t *netif;
+       int i = 0;
+
+       printk(KERN_ALERT "netif_schedule_list:\n");
+       spin_lock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+
+       list_for_each (ent, &net_schedule_list) {
+               netif = list_entry(ent, netif_t, list);
+               printk(KERN_ALERT " %d: private(rx_req_cons=%08x "
+                      "rx_resp_prod=%08x\n",
+                      i, netif->rx.req_cons, netif->rx.rsp_prod_pvt);
+               printk(KERN_ALERT "   tx_req_cons=%08x tx_resp_prod=%08x)\n",
+                      netif->tx.req_cons, netif->tx.rsp_prod_pvt);
+               printk(KERN_ALERT "   shared(rx_req_prod=%08x "
+                      "rx_resp_prod=%08x\n",
+                      netif->rx.sring->req_prod, netif->rx.sring->rsp_prod);
+               printk(KERN_ALERT "   rx_event=%08x tx_req_prod=%08x\n",
+                      netif->rx.sring->rsp_event, netif->tx.sring->req_prod);
+               printk(KERN_ALERT "   tx_resp_prod=%08x, tx_event=%08x)\n",
+                      netif->tx.sring->rsp_prod, netif->tx.sring->rsp_event);
+               i++;
+       }
+
+       spin_unlock_irq(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+       printk(KERN_ALERT " ** End of netif_schedule_list **\n");
+
+       return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int __init netback_init(void)
+{
+       int i;
+       struct page *page;
+
+       if (!is_running_on_xen())
+               return -ENODEV;
+
+       /* We can increase reservation by this much in net_rx_action(). */
+       balloon_update_driver_allowance(NET_RX_RING_SIZE);
+
+       skb_queue_head_init(&rx_queue);
+       skb_queue_head_init(&tx_queue);
+
+       init_timer(&net_timer);
+       net_timer.data = 0;
+       net_timer.function = net_alarm;
+
+       init_timer(&netbk_tx_pending_timer);
+       netbk_tx_pending_timer.data = 0;
+       netbk_tx_pending_timer.function = netbk_tx_pending_timeout;
+
+       mmap_pages = alloc_empty_pages_and_pagevec(MAX_PENDING_REQS);
+       if (mmap_pages == NULL) {
+               printk("%s: out of memory\n", __FUNCTION__);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       for (i = 0; i < MAX_PENDING_REQS; i++) {
+               page = mmap_pages[i];
+               SetPageForeign(page, netif_page_release);
+               netif_set_page_index(page, i);
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pending_inuse[i].list);
+       }
+
+       pending_cons = 0;
+       pending_prod = MAX_PENDING_REQS;
+       for (i = 0; i < MAX_PENDING_REQS; i++)
+               pending_ring[i] = i;
+
+       spin_lock_init(&net_schedule_list_lock);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&net_schedule_list);
+
+       netbk_copy_skb_mode = NETBK_DONT_COPY_SKB;
+       if (MODPARM_copy_skb) {
+               if (HYPERVISOR_grant_table_op(GNTTABOP_unmap_and_replace,
+                                             NULL, 0))
+                       netbk_copy_skb_mode = NETBK_ALWAYS_COPY_SKB;
+               else
+                       netbk_copy_skb_mode = NETBK_DELAYED_COPY_SKB;
+       }
+
+       netif_accel_init();
+
+       netif_xenbus_init();
+
+#ifdef NETBE_DEBUG_INTERRUPT
+       (void)bind_virq_to_irqhandler(VIRQ_DEBUG,
+                                     0,
+                                     netif_be_dbg,
+                                     SA_SHIRQ,
+                                     "net-be-dbg",
+                                     &netif_be_dbg);
+#endif
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+module_init(netback_init);
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");
diff --git a/drivers/xen/netback/xenbus.c b/drivers/xen/netback/xenbus.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d7faeb6
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+/*  Xenbus code for netif backend
+    Copyright (C) 2005 Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
+    Copyright (C) 2005 XenSource Ltd
+
+    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <xen/xenbus.h>
+#include "common.h"
+
+#if 0
+#undef DPRINTK
+#define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) \
+    printk("netback/xenbus (%s:%d) " fmt ".\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ##args)
+#endif
+
+
+static int connect_rings(struct backend_info *);
+static void connect(struct backend_info *);
+static void backend_create_netif(struct backend_info *be);
+
+static int netback_remove(struct xenbus_device *dev)
+{
+       struct backend_info *be = dev->dev.driver_data;
+
+       netback_remove_accelerators(be, dev);
+
+       if (be->netif) {
+               kobject_uevent(&dev->dev.kobj, KOBJ_OFFLINE);
+               netif_disconnect(be->netif);
+               be->netif = NULL;
+       }
+       kfree(be);
+       dev->dev.driver_data = NULL;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Entry point to this code when a new device is created.  Allocate the basic
+ * structures and switch to InitWait.
+ */
+static int netback_probe(struct xenbus_device *dev,
+                        const struct xenbus_device_id *id)
+{
+       const char *message;
+       struct xenbus_transaction xbt;
+       int err;
+       int sg;
+       struct backend_info *be = kzalloc(sizeof(struct backend_info),
+                                         GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!be) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -ENOMEM,
+                                "allocating backend structure");
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       be->dev = dev;
+       dev->dev.driver_data = be;
+
+       sg = 1;
+       if (netbk_copy_skb_mode == NETBK_ALWAYS_COPY_SKB)
+               sg = 0;
+
+       do {
+               err = xenbus_transaction_start(&xbt);
+               if (err) {
+                       xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "starting transaction");
+                       goto fail;
+               }
+
+               err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-sg", "%d", sg);
+               if (err) {
+                       message = "writing feature-sg";
+                       goto abort_transaction;
+               }
+
+               err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename, "feature-gso-tcpv4",
+                                   "%d", sg);
+               if (err) {
+                       message = "writing feature-gso-tcpv4";
+                       goto abort_transaction;
+               }
+
+               /* We support rx-copy path. */
+               err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
+                                   "feature-rx-copy", "%d", 1);
+               if (err) {
+                       message = "writing feature-rx-copy";
+                       goto abort_transaction;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * We don't support rx-flip path (except old guests who don't
+                * grok this feature flag).
+                */
+               err = xenbus_printf(xbt, dev->nodename,
+                                   "feature-rx-flip", "%d", 0);
+               if (err) {
+                       message = "writing feature-rx-flip";
+                       goto abort_transaction;
+               }
+
+               err = xenbus_transaction_end(xbt, 0);
+       } while (err == -EAGAIN);
+
+       if (err) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "completing transaction");
+               goto fail;
+       }
+
+       netback_probe_accelerators(be, dev);
+
+       err = xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateInitWait);
+       if (err)
+               goto fail;
+
+       /* This kicks hotplug scripts, so do it immediately. */
+       backend_create_netif(be);
+
+       return 0;
+
+abort_transaction:
+       xenbus_transaction_end(xbt, 1);
+       xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "%s", message);
+fail:
+       DPRINTK("failed");
+       netback_remove(dev);
+       return err;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Handle the creation of the hotplug script environment.  We add the script
+ * and vif variables to the environment, for the benefit of the vif-* hotplug
+ * scripts.
+ */
+static int netback_uevent(struct xenbus_device *xdev, char **envp,
+                         int num_envp, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
+{
+       struct backend_info *be = xdev->dev.driver_data;
+       netif_t *netif = be->netif;
+       int i = 0, length = 0;
+       char *val;
+
+       DPRINTK("netback_uevent");
+
+       val = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, xdev->nodename, "script", NULL);
+       if (IS_ERR(val)) {
+               int err = PTR_ERR(val);
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(xdev, err, "reading script");
+               return err;
+       }
+       else {
+               add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i, buffer, buffer_size,
+                              &length, "script=%s", val);
+               kfree(val);
+       }
+
+       add_uevent_var(envp, num_envp, &i, buffer, buffer_size, &length,
+                      "vif=%s", netif->dev->name);
+
+       envp[i] = NULL;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void backend_create_netif(struct backend_info *be)
+{
+       int err;
+       long handle;
+       struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
+
+       if (be->netif != NULL)
+               return;
+
+       err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "handle", "%li", &handle);
+       if (err != 1) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "reading handle");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       be->netif = netif_alloc(dev->otherend_id, handle);
+       if (IS_ERR(be->netif)) {
+               err = PTR_ERR(be->netif);
+               be->netif = NULL;
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "creating interface");
+               return;
+       }
+
+       kobject_uevent(&dev->dev.kobj, KOBJ_ONLINE);
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Callback received when the frontend's state changes.
+ */
+static void frontend_changed(struct xenbus_device *dev,
+                            enum xenbus_state frontend_state)
+{
+       struct backend_info *be = dev->dev.driver_data;
+
+       DPRINTK("%s", xenbus_strstate(frontend_state));
+
+       be->frontend_state = frontend_state;
+
+       switch (frontend_state) {
+       case XenbusStateInitialising:
+               if (dev->state == XenbusStateClosed) {
+                       printk(KERN_INFO "%s: %s: prepare for reconnect\n",
+                              __FUNCTION__, dev->nodename);
+                       xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateInitWait);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case XenbusStateInitialised:
+               break;
+
+       case XenbusStateConnected:
+               if (dev->state == XenbusStateConnected)
+                       break;
+               backend_create_netif(be);
+               if (be->netif)
+                       connect(be);
+               break;
+
+       case XenbusStateClosing:
+               if (be->netif) {
+                       kobject_uevent(&dev->dev.kobj, KOBJ_OFFLINE);
+                       netif_disconnect(be->netif);
+                       be->netif = NULL;
+               }
+               xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateClosing);
+               break;
+
+       case XenbusStateClosed:
+               xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateClosed);
+               if (xenbus_dev_is_online(dev))
+                       break;
+               /* fall through if not online */
+       case XenbusStateUnknown:
+               device_unregister(&dev->dev);
+               break;
+
+       default:
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, -EINVAL, "saw state %d at frontend",
+                                frontend_state);
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+
+static void xen_net_read_rate(struct xenbus_device *dev,
+                             unsigned long *bytes, unsigned long *usec)
+{
+       char *s, *e;
+       unsigned long b, u;
+       char *ratestr;
+
+       /* Default to unlimited bandwidth. */
+       *bytes = ~0UL;
+       *usec = 0;
+
+       ratestr = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "rate", NULL);
+       if (IS_ERR(ratestr))
+               return;
+
+       s = ratestr;
+       b = simple_strtoul(s, &e, 10);
+       if ((s == e) || (*e != ','))
+               goto fail;
+
+       s = e + 1;
+       u = simple_strtoul(s, &e, 10);
+       if ((s == e) || (*e != '\0'))
+               goto fail;
+
+       *bytes = b;
+       *usec = u;
+
+       kfree(ratestr);
+       return;
+
+ fail:
+       WPRINTK("Failed to parse network rate limit. Traffic unlimited.\n");
+       kfree(ratestr);
+}
+
+static int xen_net_read_mac(struct xenbus_device *dev, u8 mac[])
+{
+       char *s, *e, *macstr;
+       int i;
+
+       macstr = s = xenbus_read(XBT_NIL, dev->nodename, "mac", NULL);
+       if (IS_ERR(macstr))
+               return PTR_ERR(macstr);
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ETH_ALEN; i++) {
+               mac[i] = simple_strtoul(s, &e, 16);
+               if ((s == e) || (*e != ((i == ETH_ALEN-1) ? '\0' : ':'))) {
+                       kfree(macstr);
+                       return -ENOENT;
+               }
+               s = e+1;
+       }
+
+       kfree(macstr);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void connect(struct backend_info *be)
+{
+       int err;
+       struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
+
+       err = connect_rings(be);
+       if (err)
+               return;
+
+       err = xen_net_read_mac(dev, be->netif->fe_dev_addr);
+       if (err) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "parsing %s/mac", dev->nodename);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       xen_net_read_rate(dev, &be->netif->credit_bytes,
+                         &be->netif->credit_usec);
+       be->netif->remaining_credit = be->netif->credit_bytes;
+
+       xenbus_switch_state(dev, XenbusStateConnected);
+
+       netif_wake_queue(be->netif->dev);
+}
+
+
+static int connect_rings(struct backend_info *be)
+{
+       struct xenbus_device *dev = be->dev;
+       unsigned long tx_ring_ref, rx_ring_ref;
+       unsigned int evtchn, rx_copy;
+       int err;
+       int val;
+
+       DPRINTK("");
+
+       err = xenbus_gather(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend,
+                           "tx-ring-ref", "%lu", &tx_ring_ref,
+                           "rx-ring-ref", "%lu", &rx_ring_ref,
+                           "event-channel", "%u", &evtchn, NULL);
+       if (err) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err,
+                                "reading %s/ring-ref and event-channel",
+                                dev->otherend);
+               return err;
+       }
+
+       err = xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "request-rx-copy", "%u",
+                          &rx_copy);
+       if (err == -ENOENT) {
+               err = 0;
+               rx_copy = 0;
+       }
+       if (err < 0) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err, "reading %s/request-rx-copy",
+                                dev->otherend);
+               return err;
+       }
+       be->netif->copying_receiver = !!rx_copy;
+
+       if (be->netif->dev->tx_queue_len != 0) {
+               if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend,
+                                "feature-rx-notify", "%d", &val) < 0)
+                       val = 0;
+               if (val)
+                       be->netif->can_queue = 1;
+               else
+                       /* Must be non-zero for pfifo_fast to work. */
+                       be->netif->dev->tx_queue_len = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-sg", "%d", &val) < 0)
+               val = 0;
+       if (val) {
+               be->netif->features |= NETIF_F_SG;
+               be->netif->dev->features |= NETIF_F_SG;
+       }
+
+       if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-gso-tcpv4", "%d",
+                        &val) < 0)
+               val = 0;
+       if (val) {
+               be->netif->features |= NETIF_F_TSO;
+               be->netif->dev->features |= NETIF_F_TSO;
+       }
+
+       if (xenbus_scanf(XBT_NIL, dev->otherend, "feature-no-csum-offload",
+                        "%d", &val) < 0)
+               val = 0;
+       if (val) {
+               be->netif->features &= ~NETIF_F_IP_CSUM;
+               be->netif->dev->features &= ~NETIF_F_IP_CSUM;
+       }
+
+       /* Map the shared frame, irq etc. */
+       err = netif_map(be->netif, tx_ring_ref, rx_ring_ref, evtchn);
+       if (err) {
+               xenbus_dev_fatal(dev, err,
+                                "mapping shared-frames %lu/%lu port %u",
+                                tx_ring_ref, rx_ring_ref, evtchn);
+               return err;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* ** Driver Registration ** */
+
+
+static const struct xenbus_device_id netback_ids[] = {
+       { "vif" },
+       { "" }
+};
+
+
+static struct xenbus_driver netback = {
+       .name = "vif",
+       .owner = THIS_MODULE,
+       .ids = netback_ids,
+       .probe = netback_probe,
+       .remove = netback_remove,
+       .uevent = netback_uevent,
+       .otherend_changed = frontend_changed,
+};
+
+
+void netif_xenbus_init(void)
+{
+       xenbus_register_backend(&netback);
+}