credit: Limit load balancing to once per millisecond

The credit scheduler tries as hard as it can to ensure that it always
runs scheduling units with positive credit (PRI_TS_UNDER) before
running those with negative credit (PRI_TS_OVER).  If the next
runnable scheduling unit is of priority OVER, it will always run the
load balancer, which will scour the system looking for another
scheduling unit of the UNDER priority.

Unfortunately, as the number of cores on a system has grown, the cost
of the work-stealing algorithm has dramatically increased; a recent
trace on a system with 128 cores showed this taking over 50
microseconds.

Add a parameter, load_balance_ratelimit, to limit the frequency of
load balance operations on a given pcpu.  Default this to 1
millisecond.

Invert the load balancing conditional to make it more clear, and line
up more closely with the comment above it.

Overall it might be cleaner to have the last_load_balance checking
happen inside csched_load_balance(), but that would require either
passing both now and spc into the function, or looking them up again;
both of which seemed to be worse than simply checking and setting the
values before calling it.

On a system with a vcpu:pcpu ratio of 2:1, running Windows guests
(which will end up calling YIELD during spinlock contention), this
patch increased performance significantly.

Signed-off-by: George Dunlap <george.dunlap@cloud.com>
Reviewed-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>
Release-acked-by: Henry Wang <Henry.Wang@arm.com>

diff --git a/docs/misc/xen-command-line.pandoc b/docs/misc/xen-command-line.pandoc
index 7acd688856566f6bb60b54b8aa1c5c1c88c69006..604650aaeeefad7a02104819cb492cefb260af73 100644 (file)
--- a/docs/misc/xen-command-line.pandoc
+++ b/docs/misc/xen-command-line.pandoc
@@ -1884,6 +1884,14 @@ By default, Xen will use the INVPCID instruction for TLB management if
 it is available.  This option can be used to cause Xen to fall back to
 older mechanisms, which are generally slower.
 
+### load-balance-ratelimit
+> `= <integer>`
+
+The minimum interval between load balancing events on a given pcpu, in
+microseconds.  A value of '0' will disable rate limiting.  Maximum
+value 1 second. At the moment only credit honors this parameter.
+Default 1ms.
+
 ### noirqbalance (x86)
 > `= <boolean>`
 

diff --git a/xen/common/sched/credit.c b/xen/common/sched/credit.c
index f2cd3d9da34f7efab987676230cf200eed5125e0..b447cd88451feed61ac05bbf7b32be78d0fba078 100644 (file)
--- a/xen/common/sched/credit.c
+++ b/xen/common/sched/credit.c
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
 #define CSCHED_TICKS_PER_TSLICE     3
 /* Default timeslice: 30ms */
 #define CSCHED_DEFAULT_TSLICE_MS    30
+/* Default load balancing ratelimit: 1ms */
+#define CSCHED_DEFAULT_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US 1000
+/* Max load balancing ratelimit: 1s */
+#define CSCHED_MAX_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US     1000000
 #define CSCHED_CREDITS_PER_MSEC     10
 /* Never set a timer shorter than this value. */
 #define CSCHED_MIN_TIMER            XEN_SYSCTL_SCHED_RATELIMIT_MIN
@@ -153,6 +157,7 @@ struct csched_pcpu {
 
     unsigned int idle_bias;
     unsigned int nr_runnable;
+    s_time_t last_load_balance;
 
     unsigned int tick;
     struct timer ticker;
@@ -218,7 +223,7 @@ struct csched_private {
 
     /* Period of master and tick in milliseconds */
     unsigned int tick_period_us, ticks_per_tslice;
-    s_time_t ratelimit, tslice, unit_migr_delay;
+    s_time_t ratelimit, tslice, unit_migr_delay, load_balance_ratelimit;
 
     struct list_head active_sdom;
     uint32_t weight;
@@ -612,6 +617,8 @@ init_pdata(struct csched_private *prv, struct csched_pcpu *spc, int cpu)
     BUG_ON(!is_idle_unit(curr_on_cpu(cpu)));
     cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, prv->idlers);
     spc->nr_runnable = 0;
+
+    spc->last_load_balance = NOW();
 }
 
 static void cf_check
@@ -1676,9 +1683,17 @@ csched_runq_steal(int peer_cpu, int cpu, int pri, int balance_step)
     return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Minimum delay, in microseconds, between load balance operations.
+ * This prevents spending too much time doing load balancing, particularly
+ * when the system has a high number of YIELDs due to spinlock priority inversion.
+ */
+static unsigned int __ro_after_init load_balance_ratelimit_us = CSCHED_DEFAULT_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US;
+integer_param("load-balance-ratelimit", load_balance_ratelimit_us);
+
 static struct csched_unit *
 csched_load_balance(struct csched_private *prv, int cpu,
-    struct csched_unit *snext, bool *stolen)
+                    struct csched_unit *snext, bool *stolen)
 {
     const struct cpupool *c = get_sched_res(cpu)->cpupool;
     struct csched_unit *speer;
@@ -1958,15 +1973,19 @@ static void cf_check csched_schedule(
         /*
          * SMP Load balance:
          *
-         * If the next highest priority local runnable UNIT has already eaten
-         * through its credits, look on other PCPUs to see if we have more
-         * urgent work... If not, csched_load_balance() will return snext, but
-         * already removed from the runq.
+         * If the next highest priority local runnable UNIT has
+         * already eaten through its credits (and we're below the
+         * balancing ratelimit), look on other PCPUs to see if we have
+         * more urgent work... If we don't, csched_load_balance() will
+         * return snext, but already removed from the runq.
          */
-        if ( snext->pri > CSCHED_PRI_TS_OVER )
-            __runq_remove(snext);
-        else
+        if ( snext->pri <= CSCHED_PRI_TS_OVER
+             && now - spc->last_load_balance > prv->load_balance_ratelimit ) {
+            spc->last_load_balance = now;
             snext = csched_load_balance(prv, sched_cpu, snext, &migrated);
+        }
+        else
+            __runq_remove(snext);
 
     } while ( !unit_runnable_state(snext->unit) );
 
@@ -2181,6 +2200,14 @@ csched_global_init(void)
                XEN_SYSCTL_CSCHED_MGR_DLY_MAX_US, vcpu_migration_delay_us);
     }
 
+    if ( load_balance_ratelimit_us > CSCHED_MAX_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US )
+    {
+        load_balance_ratelimit_us = CSCHED_MAX_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US;
+        printk("WARNING: load-balance-ratelimit outside of valid range [0,%d]us.\n"
+               "Setting to max.\n",
+               CSCHED_MAX_LOAD_BALANCE_RATELIMIT_US);
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2223,6 +2250,8 @@ csched_init(struct scheduler *ops)
 
     prv->unit_migr_delay = MICROSECS(vcpu_migration_delay_us);
 
+    prv->load_balance_ratelimit = MICROSECS(load_balance_ratelimit_us);
+
     return 0;
 }